Frequency band classification and application of RFID reader

The RFID frequency band refers to the frequency range of the RFID electronic tag signal that the RFID data collector terminal  sends, receives and reads through the antenna. From the application concept, the working frequency of the radio frequency RFID electronic tag is the working frequency of the RFID radio frequency identification system, which directly determines the characteristics of various aspects of the system application. In the RFID system, the system works just like we usually listen to FM radio, and the radio frequency RFID electronic tag and the electronic tag reader must be modulated to the same frequency to work.

The working frequency of the radio frequency RFID electronic tag not only determines the working principle and identification distance of the radio frequency identification system, but also determines the difficulty and equipment cost of the radio frequency RFID electronic tag and RFID reader devices. The frequency bands or frequency points occupied by RFID applications are recognized internationally, typical operating frequencies include: 125kHz, 134.2kHz, 13.56MHz, 27.12MHz, 433MHz, 902MHz～928MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz, etc.

At present, the frequencies widely used in the world are distributed in four frequency bands, low frequency (125KHz/134.2KHz), high frequency (13.54MHz), ultra-high frequency (902MHz～928MFz) and microwave (2.45GHz). Each frequency has its characteristics and is used in different fields

1. 125KHz/134.2KHz LF RFID tag reader: the lowest cost card reader, mainly read-only, the distance is generally less than 10cm, can also reach 1 meter. The low frequency tag has a low working frequency, can penetrate water, organic tissue and wood, and can be made into card type, ear tag type, collar type, pill type, etc. It is widely used in low-cost access control and animal identification.

2. 13.56M HF RFID reader: can read and write, the distance is between 10-150cm. Because the HF tag can be easily made into a card shape, it is widely used in electronic tickets, electronic ID cards, electronic locking and anti-theft, residential property management, building security systems, etc.

3. 902MHz ~ 928MFz UHF RFID reader: mainly in the middle and long distance, the general distance is about 10 meters, and it can also be up to 20 meters. It can be divided into two protocols: 18000-6B and 6C. It has a wide range of functions and fast data transmission, but it consumes more energy. Application areas: non-stop charging, supply chain management, production line automation management, air parcel management, library management, warehouse management and other high-end industries.

4. 2.4G reader: The tag has its own power supply and can transmit signals to the outside world at the same time, with strong anti-interference ability, and the reading distance is generally between tens to several kilometers. Application fields: vehicle management, underground personnel positioning, railway transportation identification and management.