What types of commonly used library electronic tags are there?

RFID is a type of automatic identification technology that uses wireless radio frequency to conduct non-contact two-way data communication and uses wireless radio frequency to read and write recording media (electronic tags or radio frequency cards) to achieve the purpose of identifying targets and exchanging data. In modern library management, RFID tags are becoming an important tool to improve the efficiency of book tracking and management. Currently, there are mainly the following types of commonly used library electronic tags on the market:

1. Classification by frequency
High frequency (HF, 13.56 MHz)
Features: reading distance is about 0.1m~1m, compatible with ISO 15693/ISO 18000-3 standards, mature technology, low cost, suitable for book management.
Application: The most common library tag, supports self-service borrowing and returning, anti-theft (EAS) and inventory.

Ultra-high frequency (UHF, 860-960 MHz)
Features: long reading distance (up to several meters), fast batch reading of multiple tags, but susceptible to metal/liquid interference.
Application: Suitable for fast inventory in large libraries, special design is required to reduce interference.

2. Classification by function
Ordinary RFID tags: store basic information of books (such as ID, title, author), support borrowing and returning, and inventory.
Anti-theft integrated tags (EAS+RFID): integrate RFID data storage and anti-theft alarm (electromagnetic wave or acoustic magnetic technology), without the need for additional anti-theft magnetic strips.
Sensor tags: extended functions (such as temperature and humidity monitoring), used for precious document protection, less used.

3. By packaging form
Self-adhesive labels: directly pasted on the spine or title page, low cost, easy to apply in batches.
Hard labels (anti-metal labels): used for special carriers such as CDs and tapes to reduce metal interference.
Flexible labels: bendable, suitable for embedding in book covers or archive bags.

4. By storage and security
Read-only tags: pre-written unchangeable ID, high security but limited functions.
Read-write tags: allow multiple writes (such as borrowing records), encryption is required to prevent data tampering.

5. Special application tags
NFC tags (based on HF RFID): readers use mobile phones to sense and obtain book information or renew loans, which enhances interactivity.
Dual-frequency tags (HF+UHF): take into account both short-distance borrowing and long-distance inventory, and the cost is relatively high.

At present, the electronic tags of libraries on the market are essentially based on HF and UHF tags, or adopt a hybrid solution, and then carry out special processing according to different environmental functional packaging requirements, etc., and are often matched with fixed inventory equipment and portable handheld RFID reader for tracking and inventory, so as to realize the intelligent management of the entire library. Of course, the best one is the one that suits you. Libraries should select products and technologies according to actual conditions.